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ChatGPT and other generative AI could foster science denial and misunderstanding – here’s how you can be on alert

<p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gale-sinatra-1234776">Gale Sinatra</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-southern-california-1265">University of Southern California</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/barbara-k-hofer-1231530">Barbara K. Hofer</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/middlebury-1247">Middlebury</a></em></p> <p>Until very recently, if you wanted to know more about a controversial scientific topic – stem cell research, the safety of nuclear energy, climate change – you probably did a Google search. Presented with multiple sources, you chose what to read, selecting which sites or authorities to trust.</p> <p>Now you have another option: You can pose your question to ChatGPT or another generative artificial intelligence platform and quickly receive a succinct response in paragraph form.</p> <p>ChatGPT does not search the internet the way Google does. Instead, it generates responses to queries by <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/05/07/ai-beginners-guide/">predicting likely word combinations</a> from a massive amalgam of available online information.</p> <p>Although it has the potential for <a href="https://hbr.org/podcast/2023/05/how-generative-ai-changes-productivity">enhancing productivity</a>, generative AI has been shown to have some major faults. It can <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ai-platforms-like-chatgpt-are-easy-to-use-but-also-potentially-dangerous/">produce misinformation</a>. It can create “<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/01/business/ai-chatbots-hallucination.html">hallucinations</a>” – a benign term for making things up. And it doesn’t always accurately solve reasoning problems. For example, when asked if both a car and a tank can fit through a doorway, it <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/14/technology/openai-new-gpt4.html">failed to consider both width and height</a>. Nevertheless, it is already being used to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2023/01/17/cnet-ai-articles-journalism-corrections/">produce articles</a> and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/19/technology/ai-generated-content-discovered-on-news-sites-content-farms-and-product-reviews.html">website content</a> you may have encountered, or <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/21/opinion/chatgpt-journalism.html">as a tool</a> in the writing process. Yet you are unlikely to know if what you’re reading was created by AI.</p> <p>As the authors of “<a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/science-denial-9780197683330">Science Denial: Why It Happens and What to Do About It</a>,” we are concerned about how generative AI may blur the boundaries between truth and fiction for those seeking authoritative scientific information.</p> <p>Every media consumer needs to be more vigilant than ever in verifying scientific accuracy in what they read. Here’s how you can stay on your toes in this new information landscape.</p> <h2>How generative AI could promote science denial</h2> <p><strong>Erosion of epistemic trust</strong>. All consumers of science information depend on judgments of scientific and medical experts. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2014.971907">Epistemic trust</a> is the process of trusting knowledge you get from others. It is fundamental to the understanding and use of scientific information. Whether someone is seeking information about a health concern or trying to understand solutions to climate change, they often have limited scientific understanding and little access to firsthand evidence. With a rapidly growing body of information online, people must make frequent decisions about what and whom to trust. With the increased use of generative AI and the potential for manipulation, we believe trust is likely to erode further than <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2022/02/15/americans-trust-in-scientists-other-groups-declines/">it already has</a>.</p> <p><strong>Misleading or just plain wrong</strong>. If there are errors or biases in the data on which AI platforms are trained, that <a href="https://theconversation.com/ai-information-retrieval-a-search-engine-researcher-explains-the-promise-and-peril-of-letting-chatgpt-and-its-cousins-search-the-web-for-you-200875">can be reflected in the results</a>. In our own searches, when we have asked ChatGPT to regenerate multiple answers to the same question, we have gotten conflicting answers. Asked why, it responded, “Sometimes I make mistakes.” Perhaps the trickiest issue with AI-generated content is knowing when it is wrong.</p> <p><strong>Disinformation spread intentionally</strong>. AI can be used to generate compelling disinformation as text as well as deepfake images and videos. When we asked ChatGPT to “<a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ai-platforms-like-chatgpt-are-easy-to-use-but-also-potentially-dangerous/">write about vaccines in the style of disinformation</a>,” it produced a nonexistent citation with fake data. Geoffrey Hinton, former head of AI development at Google, quit to be free to sound the alarm, saying, “It is hard to see how you can prevent the bad actors from <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/01/technology/ai-google-chatbot-engineer-quits-hinton.html">using it for bad things</a>.” The potential to create and spread deliberately incorrect information about science already existed, but it is now dangerously easy.</p> <p><strong>Fabricated sources</strong>. ChatGPT provides responses with no sources at all, or if asked for sources, may present <a href="https://economistwritingeveryday.com/2023/01/21/chatgpt-cites-economics-papers-that-do-not-exist/">ones it made up</a>. We both asked ChatGPT to generate a list of our own publications. We each identified a few correct sources. More were hallucinations, yet seemingly reputable and mostly plausible, with actual previous co-authors, in similar sounding journals. This inventiveness is a big problem if a list of a scholar’s publications conveys authority to a reader who doesn’t take time to verify them.</p> <p><strong>Dated knowledge</strong>. ChatGPT doesn’t know what happened in the world after its training concluded. A query on what percentage of the world has had COVID-19 returned an answer prefaced by “as of my knowledge cutoff date of September 2021.” Given how rapidly knowledge advances in some areas, this limitation could mean readers get erroneous outdated information. If you’re seeking recent research on a personal health issue, for instance, beware.</p> <p><strong>Rapid advancement and poor transparency</strong>. AI systems continue to become <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/01/technology/ai-google-chatbot-engineer-quits-hinton.html">more powerful and learn faster</a>, and they may learn more science misinformation along the way. Google recently announced <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/10/technology/google-ai-products.html">25 new embedded uses of AI in its services</a>. At this point, <a href="https://theconversation.com/regulating-ai-3-experts-explain-why-its-difficult-to-do-and-important-to-get-right-198868">insufficient guardrails are in place</a> to assure that generative AI will become a more accurate purveyor of scientific information over time.</p> <h2>What can you do?</h2> <p>If you use ChatGPT or other AI platforms, recognize that they might not be completely accurate. The burden falls to the user to discern accuracy.</p> <p><strong>Increase your vigilance</strong>. <a href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2022/12/ai-will-start-fact-checking-we-may-not-like-the-results/">AI fact-checking apps may be available soon</a>, but for now, users must serve as their own fact-checkers. <a href="https://www.nsta.org/science-teacher/science-teacher-januaryfebruary-2023/plausible">There are steps we recommend</a>. The first is: Be vigilant. People often reflexively share information found from searches on social media with little or no vetting. Know when to become more deliberately thoughtful and when it’s worth identifying and evaluating sources of information. If you’re trying to decide how to manage a serious illness or to understand the best steps for addressing climate change, take time to vet the sources.</p> <p><strong>Improve your fact-checking</strong>. A second step is <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000740">lateral reading</a>, a process professional fact-checkers use. Open a new window and search for <a href="https://www.nsta.org/science-teacher/science-teacher-mayjune-2023/marginalizing-misinformation">information about the sources</a>, if provided. Is the source credible? Does the author have relevant expertise? And what is the consensus of experts? If no sources are provided or you don’t know if they are valid, use a traditional search engine to find and evaluate experts on the topic.</p> <p><strong>Evaluate the evidence</strong>. Next, take a look at the evidence and its connection to the claim. Is there evidence that genetically modified foods are safe? Is there evidence that they are not? What is the scientific consensus? Evaluating the claims will take effort beyond a quick query to ChatGPT.</p> <p><strong>If you begin with AI, don’t stop there</strong>. Exercise caution in using it as the sole authority on any scientific issue. You might see what ChatGPT has to say about genetically modified organisms or vaccine safety, but also follow up with a more diligent search using traditional search engines before you draw conclusions.</p> <p><strong>Assess plausibility</strong>. Judge whether the claim is plausible. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.03.001">Is it likely to be true</a>? If AI makes an implausible (and inaccurate) statement like “<a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/12/23/fact-check-false-claim-covid-19-vaccines-caused-1-1-million-deaths/10929679002/">1 million deaths were caused by vaccines, not COVID-19</a>,” consider if it even makes sense. Make a tentative judgment and then be open to revising your thinking once you have checked the evidence.</p> <p><strong>Promote digital literacy in yourself and others</strong>. Everyone needs to up their game. <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-to-be-a-good-digital-citizen-during-the-election-and-its-aftermath-148974">Improve your own digital literacy</a>, and if you are a parent, teacher, mentor or community leader, promote digital literacy in others. The American Psychological Association provides guidance on <a href="https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/social-media-literacy-teens">fact-checking online information</a> and recommends teens be <a href="https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/health-advisory-adolescent-social-media-use">trained in social media skills</a> to minimize risks to health and well-being. <a href="https://newslit.org/">The News Literacy Project</a> provides helpful tools for improving and supporting digital literacy.</p> <p>Arm yourself with the skills you need to navigate the new AI information landscape. Even if you don’t use generative AI, it is likely you have already read articles created by it or developed from it. It can take time and effort to find and evaluate reliable information about science online – but it is worth it.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/204897/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gale-sinatra-1234776">Gale Sinatra</a>, Professor of Education and Psychology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-southern-california-1265">University of Southern California</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/barbara-k-hofer-1231530">Barbara K. Hofer</a>, Professor of Psychology Emerita, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/middlebury-1247">Middlebury</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/chatgpt-and-other-generative-ai-could-foster-science-denial-and-misunderstanding-heres-how-you-can-be-on-alert-204897">original article</a>.</em></p>

Technology

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5 reasons why you should consider fostering a pet

<p>Becoming an animal foster carer is one of the most selfless and rewarding things you can do in life. Usually through no fault of their own, some pets find themselves in dire need of a home, and if you have room in your house (and in your heart), here are five reasons why you should help them out.</p> <p><strong>1. You’re saving a life and offering a second chance</strong></p> <p>Part of the reason why shelters rely on foster care so much is that they simply don’t have the space to provide a temporary home for the pet themselves. By taking in downtrodden four-legged friends, you’re easing the strain on local rescues, saving a life and giving animals a second chance.</p> <p><strong>2. You’re helping prepare the pet for its new home</strong></p> <p>Many shelter animals have had rough lives and potentially spent time living on the streets. You have the opportunity to help them adapt to life at home, where they’ll be fed, exercised, socialised and loved.</p> <p><strong>3. There’s no commitment</strong></p> <p>If you like the idea of having a pet but can’t commit to owning one long-term, fostering is a great way to still have them in your life. It’s also a fantastic first option for people who have never owned a pet but always wanted to. After all, you need to make sure you can handle it before you jump right in! There’s also a lot less of a financial commitment. Generally, the rescue group will cover vet costs and all you need to provide is food and lots of love.</p> <p><strong>4. It’s good for your health</strong></p> <p>Countless studies have proven that pet ownership (particularly dogs) can significantly improve both your physical and mental health. Knowing they’re relying on you to maintain their own health is the best motivation to look after your own.</p> <p><strong>5. It’s good for your social life</strong></p> <p>Want to make new friends? Foster a dog! Not only will you gain a four-legged friend, but any dog owner will attest to the fact that people love stopping to gush over your canine pal. You can also attend meet-ups with other pet owners or make new friends at dog-friendly beaches and parks.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p>

Family & Pets

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Homelessness is common for teens leaving out-of-home-care. We need to extend care until they are at least 21

<p>Young people transitioning from out-of-home care – whether it’s foster, kinship or residential care – are disadvantaged in many ways. Many have experienced abuse, neglect, family hardship or illness. They may feel long-term grief due to family separation.</p> <p>And while some enjoy stable placements with committed foster or kinship carers, others – particularly those in residential care, supervised by rostered staff – may experience instability as friends or support workers come and go.</p> <p>Most exit the out-of-home care system at 18, or younger, without ongoing support.</p> <p>Unfortunately, however, many such young people quickly encounter homelessness, unemployment and contact with the criminal justice system soon after leaving out-of-home care. Instead of leaving these people to fend for themselves at age 18 (or younger), we need a nationally consistent model of extended care that supports care leavers until age 21.</p> <p><strong>A tough transition</strong></p> <p>A 2021 study by <a href="https://create.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/CREATE-Post-Care-Report-2021-LR.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the CREATE Foundation</a> (which represents young people who have experienced out-of-home care) found homelessness was common among people exiting the system. Almost 100 of the 325 sampled care leavers aged 18-25 experienced homelessness in the first year after their transition.</p> <p>Another <a href="https://apo.org.au/node/314424" target="_blank" rel="noopener">study</a> found:</p> <blockquote> <p>More than half the 1,848 Victorian care leavers in this study (using data from leavers during 2013 and 2014) accessed homelessness services in the four years after leaving care, while one in three had multiple homeless experiences. Participants with experiences of residential care and multiple foster care placements were more likely to experience housing disruptions.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/child-protection/incomesupport-receipt-oohc/summary" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Another national study</a> noted care leavers were three times as likely as other young Australians to have received social security payments.</p> <p>Of course, many care leavers <a href="http://createyourfuture.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Stein-M.-ResearchReview.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">do integrate effectively</a> into the social and economic mainstream. Some have difficult lives but still manage to cope, while others struggle to overcome adversity and social exclusion.</p> <p>In general, those who achieve successful transitions tend to <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cfs.12473" target="_blank" rel="noopener">leave care later</a> than 18 years of age and receive ongoing support well into their twenties from, for example</p> <ul> <li> <p>foster or kinship carers</p> </li> <li> <p>extended family members</p> </li> <li> <p>formal mentors or neighbours</p> </li> <li> <p>friends</p> </li> <li> <p>members of sporting, religious, cultural and other community groups.</p> </li> </ul> <p>These supportive relationships, which mirror the assistance that most of their non-care peers naturally access from their parents, provide the social capital needed to acquire housing, food, clothing, a driver’s licence and entry into sustainable education, employment and training.</p> <p>According to <a href="https://apo.org.au/node/314424" target="_blank" rel="noopener">one young person</a> who remained with their foster family in Victoria beyond 18 years:</p> <blockquote> <p>I was in the same home for 11 years, they were like my parents so they didn’t kick me out or anything. It wasn’t like I was in their care; I was like a part of the family.</p> </blockquote> <p>Conversely, those who experience troubled transitions from out-of-home care may experience social isolation, emotional adversity and hardship.</p> <p><a href="https://apo.org.au/node/314424" target="_blank" rel="noopener">One young person from Victoria</a> who was suddenly forced to leave care commented:</p> <blockquote> <p>I mean if you have a kid, you’re not going to kick him out as soon as they turn 16. You’re not going to, you know, tell your kid that ‘oh you have to find your own way to learn how to drive or anything’. You’re going to take them by the hand, you’re going to help them with each of these things. Even after your kid’s left, you’re still going to, you know, check up on them, you’re going to go there make sure they’re eating properly, cleaning the place properly. I had no idea how to clean anything.</p> </blockquote> <p>Young people who have harder transitions often include those in <a href="https://lens.monash.edu/@politics-society/2019/12/13/1378567/from-care-to-custody-the-tragic-trajectory-of-crossover-kids" target="_blank" rel="noopener">youth justice custody</a> when they turn 18 years of age, some <a href="https://www.aracy.org.au/publications-resources/command/download_file/id/465/filename/ARACY_Showing_the_Light_FINAL_20220302.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">young parents</a>, those who have a major <a href="https://daneshyari.com/article/preview/346111.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cognitive disability</a> or <a href="https://apo.org.au/node/314424" target="_blank" rel="noopener">poor mental health</a> and <a href="https://apo.org.au/node/307306" target="_blank" rel="noopener">some Indigenous young people</a> who have been prevented from forming a connection with their culture, identity and community.</p> <figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/459038/original/file-20220421-18-yi1uh7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/459038/original/file-20220421-18-yi1uh7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/459038/original/file-20220421-18-yi1uh7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=398&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/459038/original/file-20220421-18-yi1uh7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=398&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/459038/original/file-20220421-18-yi1uh7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=398&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/459038/original/file-20220421-18-yi1uh7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=501&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/459038/original/file-20220421-18-yi1uh7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=501&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/459038/original/file-20220421-18-yi1uh7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=501&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" alt="" /></a><figcaption><em><span class="caption">Those who experience troubled transitions from out-of-home care may experience social isolation, emotional adversity and hardship.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock</span></span></em></figcaption></figure> <p><strong>Extended care as an early intervention strategy</strong></p> <p>The best way to boost the life chances of all care leavers is to introduce a nationally consistent model of extended out-of-home care from 18 to 21 years. This is the model advocated by the <a href="https://thehomestretch.org.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Home Stretch campaign</a> led by Anglicare Victoria.</p> <p>Evidence from evaluations of extended care programs in the <a href="https://www.chapinhall.org/research/calyouth/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">US</a> and <a href="https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/report/Evaluation_of_the_Staying_Put_18_Plus_Family_Placement_Programme_final_report/9580109" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UK</a> confirms providing support until age 21 can improve outcomes for care leavers.</p> <p>As of April 2022, the Home Stretch model has informed the introduction of major extended care safety nets in <a href="https://www.celcis.org/application/files/5716/2263/3274/2021_Vol_20_No_1_Mendes_P_Extending_out-of-home_care_in_the_State_of_Victoria_Australia.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">six out of Australia’s eight</a> states and territories.</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="https://thehomestretch.org.au/news/the-most-significant-reform-to-child-welfare-in-a-generation-victorian-government-leads-nation-in-announcing-universal-care-for-young-people-to-the-age-of-21" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Victoria</a> and <a href="https://www.ourstatebudget.wa.gov.au/2021-22/fact-sheets/communities.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Western Australia</a> offer support to young people leaving all forms of out-of-home care until age 21</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://thehomestretch.org.au/news/foster-care-payments-to-be-extended-until-age-21-by-new-sa-liberal-government" target="_blank" rel="noopener">South Australia</a>, <a href="https://thehomestretch.org.au/news/first-state-government-extend-care-21-years-australia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tasmania</a> and the <a href="https://www.communityservices.act.gov.au/ocyfs/children/child-and-youth-protection-services/a-step-up-for-our-kids/out-of-home-care-strategy-2015-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Australian Capital Territory</a> fund an allowance to foster and kinship carers only until age 21. South Australia has introduced a <a href="https://www.childprotection.sa.gov.au/news/dcp-news/young-people-leaving-residential-care-to-be-better-supported-with-next-steps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">trial program</a> for residential care leavers in February 2022 - but it is only funded for two years to support 20 young people</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.qld.gov.au/community/caring-child/foster-kinship-care/information-for-carers/money-matters/carer-allowances" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Queensland</a> offers the same assistance only until 19 years</p> </li> <li> <p>the <a href="https://thehomestretch.org.au/news/push-to-lift-nt-foster-care-age-to-21/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Northern Territory</a> has promised to legislate universal extended care soon</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://thehomestretch.org.au/news/nsw-lags-nationally-on-caring-for-most-vulnerable-young-people-as-victoria-surges-ahead/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New South Wales</a> is the outlier in currently providing no form of extended care.</p> </li> </ul> <p>No state or territory allows young people living in residential care to remain in their existing homes beyond 18 years of age.</p> <p>Nor have any of them introduced <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/931987/Staying_Close_Break.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Staying Close</a> programs similar to those trialled in the UK, whereby residential care leavers are supported to live close to their former accommodation and maintain existing relationships with their former carers and support networks.</p> <p>The federal government, via the recently updated <a href="https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/families-and-children/programs-services/protecting-australias-children" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Framework for Protecting Australia’s Children</a>, should establish a nationally consistent model of extended care that would universally assist all care leavers until age 21.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/181167/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/phillip-mendes-101820" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Phillip Mendes</a>, Professor, Director Social Inclusion and Social Policy Research Unit, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/monash-university-1065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Monash University</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/homelessness-is-common-for-teens-leaving-out-of-home-care-we-need-to-extend-care-until-they-are-at-least-21-181167" target="_blank" rel="noopener">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Caring

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William Tyrrell’s foster parents charged with alleged assault

<p><em>Image: NSW Police </em></p> <p>William Tyrrell’s foster parents have been charged over the alleged assault of a child following investigations looking into the little boy’s disappearance.</p> <p>Detectives from Strike Force Rosann received information relating to the suspected assault of a child, who is not William, at a home in Sydney’s upper North Shore.</p> <p>The pair aged 56 and 54, were charged with common assault and are due to face Hornsby Local Court next week after being served with Court Attendance notices on Wednesday.</p> <p>The charges come as police spend a third day searching three areas in Kendall, on the NSW Mid-North Coast, for William’s body.</p> <p>On Monday, NSW Police announced they would launch a new “high-intensity” search near William’s foster grandmother’s home, where he was last seen, after “new evidence” was received.</p> <p>“This activity is in response to evidence we’ve obtained in the course of the investigation, it’s not speculative in any way,” Detective Chief Superintendent Darren Bennett said in regard to the search.</p> <p>“It’s highly likely that if we found something, it would be a body. We are looking for the remains of William Tyrrell, there’s no doubt about that.”</p> <p>William’s foster parents have never been publicly named due to legal reasons.</p> <p>In the last three days, police have begun examining parts of the Kendall home’s garden bed - to investigate one theory that William may have fallen to his death from a second-storey balcony.</p> <p>They also sprayed luminol, a chemical that detects traces of blood, during the night. In nearby bushland, volunteers cut down trees to help in the search.</p> <p>A grey Mazda was later seized from a home in Gymea in Sydney’s south under a coronial order and is undergoing extensive forensic examination.</p> <p>Excavators and cadaver dogs have also been brought in as part of the search as police dug up areas of bushland.</p>

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Katherine McPhee reveals name of newborn son with David Foster

<p>Katharine McPhee has revealed her son's special name.</p> <p>The 36-year-old welcomed her first child with husband David Foster, 71, in February and opened up about the name they chose for their baby in an interview with Today With Hoda and Jenna.</p> <p>"OK, well, his name, we haven't said anything. My husband hopefully won't kill me for saying it, but his name is Rennie David Foster," she told co-hosts Hoda Kotb and Jenna Bush Hager in the interview, which will air on March 19. "We picked Rennie 'cause I'd actually been in labour for a while. We didn't have a name picked out."</p> <p>"We had a couple names," she added. "But my husband was on a text chain with his sisters and one of his sisters suggested an old family name. It was his great-grandfather's name, his great-uncle's name, so it has a long history in his family. My husband said, 'Hi, Ren Foster,' and so we said, 'That's a good name. It's a strong name.'"</p> <p>McPhee took to Instagram to share a photo of newborn Rennie.</p> <p>"Just in case you were wondering, I love being a mommy," she wrote alongside the snap.</p> <p>Their newborn son is McPhee's first child and Foster's sixth. He shares five adult daughters including Sara, 40, Erin, 38, and Jordan, 34, from his marriage to Rebecca Dyer, and Allison, 50, and Amy, 47, from previous relationships.</p> <p>"Katharine McPhee and David Foster have welcomed a healthy baby boy," a rep for the couple said in a statement to<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://people.com/parents/katharine-mcphee-welcomes-first-child-husband-david-foster-son/" target="_blank"><em>People</em></a>. "Mum, Dad and son are all doing wonderfully."</p>

Family & Pets

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Foster mother to 300 children killed by COVID-19: “They’ve already lost their family

<p><span>A woman who was a foster parent to over 300 children has tragically died following her COVID-19 diagnosis.</span><br /><br /><span>Susan Braley devoted decades of her life giving kids a second chance at a happy family, and adopted 7 children along the way.</span><br /><br /><span>And now, the hundreds of children taken under Braley’s wing are mourning the beloved mother’s death.</span><br /><br /><span>Braley died after contracting COVID-19 and being rushed to hospital with low oxygen.</span><br /><br /><span>However, even through her pain, she worried for her family.</span></p> <p><img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7839711/1280x720.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/bba06c546fdf450ca7e254152805b264" /><br /><br /><span>During the ride there she told her grandson, Thomas Bartholomew, to make sure the family keep holiday traditions and always make sure to care for and feed anyone in need.</span><br /><br /><span>"Right before my grandmother passed, I got to talk to her, you know, when they were wheeling her out, first thing I wanted to tell her was that I love you and thank you for everything you've done in my life," Bartholomew said, via ABC News 4.</span><br /><br /><span>"And she said, 'I love you too'."</span><br /><br /><span>Sadly, Braley's husband was later admitted to hospital as well. Braley died soon after her husband arrived at the same hospital as her.</span><br /><br /><span>Now he's battling the virus in ICU as the hundreds of children they helped raise are grieving Braley and hoping for her husband's recovery.</span><br /><br /><span>"They've already lost their first family, this is their second family and we have kids who are older who understand that," said Bartholomew.</span><br /><br /><span>"Like Jazmin, who's 18 years old, she lost her mother and now she's lost her second mother. We don't want them to go through that experience."</span><br /><br /><span>An online fundraiser has been set up to help raise money to support Braley's family.</span><br /><br /><span>In just seven days, it has attracted over $24,000 in donations.</span></p>

Caring

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Anthony Hopkins and Jodie Foster reunite after 30 years

<div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text redactor-styles redactor-in"> <p>Movie legends Anthony Hopkins and Jodie Foster reunited via Zoom to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the release of<span> </span><em>The Silence of the Lambs</em>.</p> <p>The pair were happy to see each other and reminisced about their experiences during and after filming.</p> <p>"It's a life-changing adventure, that movie, for both of us," Foster said during a one-hour remote conversation for<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://variety.com/2021/film/news/jodie-foster-anthony-hopkins-silence-of-the-lambs-30th-anniversary-1234887496/" target="_blank">Variety's Actors on Actors</a>.</p> <p>"I'm sure you still get people who come up to you and say, 'Would you like a nice Chianti?'" she joked to Hopkins.</p> <p>"Oh yeah, they do!" he agreed.</p> <p>Hopkins also revealed the real-life inspiration behind his iconic character, the manipulative killer known as Dr. Hannibal Lector.</p> <p>"He's like a machine. He's like HAL, the computer in 2001: 'Good evening, Dave.' He just comes in like a silent shark," Hopkins explained.</p> <p>"I remember there was a teacher at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and his name was Christopher Fettes. He was a movement teacher. He had a cutting voice, and he would slice you to pieces. His analysis of what you were doing was so precise; it's a method that stayed with me for all my life.</p> <p>"When I was doing it, I thought, 'This is Chris Fettes. This is the voice. This man is merciless.' I remember the cage scene, when I said, 'No!' Wrong, try it again. That, to anyone, to the observer, the recipient of that, is lethal and charismatic."</p> <p>He also recalled one of his favourite scenes involving Foster, which is where her character FBI cadet Clarice Starling gets into a Quantico elevator with her much taller male colleagues.</p> <p>"I'm like, 'This is brilliant, because you are a smaller person in this big, macho male world, coming in as the hero,'" Hopkins noted.</p> <p>Foster then shared the most important part of her character was nailing her rural West Virginia accent.</p> <p>"She had this quietness. There was almost a shame that she wasn't bigger, that she wasn't stronger, this person trying to overcome the failure of the body they were born in,' she explained.</p> <p>"I understood that was her strength. In some ways, she was just like the victims - another girl in another town. The fact that she could relate to those victims made her the hero."</p> <p>The classic film went on to win the five big Academy Awards, which are best picture, best director (Jonathan Demme, best actor (Hopkins), best actress (Foster) and best adapted screenplay (Ted Tally).</p> </div> </div> </div>

Movies

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The state removal of Māori children from their families is a wound that won’t heal – but there is a way forward

<p>Too many New Zealand children are born into a state of crisis, as two recent and damning reports have shown.</p> <p>The <a href="https://whanauora.nz/assets/6f126cc001/ORANGA-TAMARIKI-REVIEW-REPORT.pdf">Māori Inquiry into Oranga Tamariki</a> (Ministry for Children) was one of five inquiries launched after a media <a href="https://www.newsroom.co.nz/investigations/2019/06/11/629363/nzs-own-taken-generation">investigation</a> into the attempted “uplift” of a newborn baby from its mother at a maternity ward in May 2019. The inquiry report stated:</p> <p><em>The event … not only sparked national outrage from Māori, but disclosed a controversial and decades old state policy and practice that has had devastating intergenerational impacts that have left our communities with deep emotional scars.</em></p> <p>Another <a href="https://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/TKTM-JUNE2020-Final.pdf">report</a> from the Office of the Children’s Commissioner details the experiences of Māori mothers of newborns involved with Oranga Tamariki. Children’s Commissioner Judge Andrew Becroft wrote:</p> <p><em>These personal stories … are a silent testimony to the long-term inequities that Māori have suffered under Aotearoa New Zealand’s care and protection system.</em></p> <p>Oranga Tamariki chief executive Grainne Moss <a href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=12337954">hit back</a> by saying the children’s commissioner’s report was ignoring the interests of babies.</p> <p>Today Newsroom launches a harrowing new video story by investigations editor Melanie Reid into the attempted ‘uplift’ of a newborn baby from its mother by Oranga Tamariki. Full video available here: <a href="https://t.co/u66NY18Rw1">https://bit.ly/2XEIgNo </a></p> <p>The current storm rages, in part, around the protection of children and their rights. With the <a href="https://www.abuseincare.org.nz/">Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State Care</a> due to deliver its own interim report this year, we need to ask: what are those rights, and might a better understanding of them provide a way out of this impasse?</p> <p><strong>Children’s rights are linked to parents’ rights</strong></p> <p>Part of the answer can be found in the <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989</a>. Aotearoa-New Zealand accepted this treaty in 1993 and it informs the work of the <a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2003/0121/latest/DLM230435.html">children’s commissioner</a>. For tamariki Māori, the convention is important because it was the first global human rights treaty to refer to the rights of indigenous children.</p> <p>Perhaps controversially, the convention <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">requires</a> states to respect parents’ rights and responsibilities – and, where relevant, the extended family or community. This counters a common criticism that by focusing on children’s rights we diminish the rights of parents and families.</p> <p>As far as possible, children have the <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">right</a> to know and be cared for by their parents. It is parents who have the <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">primary responsibility</a> for the upbringing and development of their children.</p> <p>The convention also <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">states</a> that the family is “the fundamental group of society” and the child <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">should grow up in a family environment</a>. Cultural values are <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">important</a> for “the protection and harmonious development of the child”.</p> <p>Most importantly in the current debate, the convention provides clear guidance on the removal of children from their families:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">involuntary separation</a> is to be avoided, unless it is in the child’s best interests</li> <li>states must protect the child from <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">all forms of violence, abuse or neglect</a></li> <li>where children must be placed into care, the child’s <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">ethnic and cultural background</a> must be considered</li> <li>as indigenous children, tamariki Māori themselves must have access to <a href="https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.GC.C.11.pdf">culturally appropriate services</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Each of these considerations is subject to <a href="http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsiQql8gX5Zxh0cQqSRzx6Zd2%2fQRsDnCTcaruSeZhPr2vUevjbn6t6GSi1fheVp%2bj5HTLU2Ub%2fPZZtQWn0jExFVnWuhiBbqgAj0dWBoFGbK0c">four guiding principles</a>:</p> <ul> <li>the convention <a href="http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsiQql8gX5Zxh0cQqSRzx6Zd2%2fQRsDnCTcaruSeZhPr2vUevjbn6t6GSi1fheVp%2bj5HTLU2Ub%2fPZZtQWn0jExFVnWuhiBbqgAj0dWBoFGbK0c">prohibits discrimination</a> of any kind, a provision that is <a href="https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.GC.C.11.pdf">particularly</a> important in the current debate</li> <li>the <a href="http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsiQql8gX5Zxh0cQqSRzx6Zd2%2fQRsDnCTcaruSeZhPr2vUevjbn6t6GSi1fheVp%2bj5HTLU2Ub%2fPZZtQWn0jExFVnWuhiBbqgAj0dWBoFGbK0c">best interests of the child</a> should govern all decisions relating to children – for indigenous children, this must take into account their <a href="https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.GC.C.11.pdf">collective cultural rights</a></li> <li>the child has the <a href="http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsiQql8gX5Zxh0cQqSRzx6Zd2%2fQRsDnCTcaruSeZhPr2vUevjbn6t6GSi1fheVp%2bj5HTLU2Ub%2fPZZtQWn0jExFVnWuhiBbqgAj0dWBoFGbK0c">right to life</a> and states must do all that they can to ensure the <a href="http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsiQql8gX5Zxh0cQqSRzx6Zd2%2fQRsDnCTcaruSeZhPr2vUevjbn6t6GSi1fheVp%2bj5HTLU2Ub%2fPZZtQWn0jExFVnWuhiBbqgAj0dWBoFGbK0c">survival and development</a> of the child – for indigenous children, this means their <a href="https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.GC.C.11.pdf">high mortality rates</a> must be addressed and culturally appropriate material assistance and support programs <a href="https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.GC.C.11.pdf">provided</a> to parents and others</li> <li>the child has a <a href="http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsiQql8gX5Zxh0cQqSRzx6Zd2%2fQRsDnCTcaruSeZhPr2vUevjbn6t6GSi1fheVp%2bj5HTLU2Ub%2fPZZtQWn0jExFVnWuhiBbqgAj0dWBoFGbK0c">right to be heard</a> in all proceedings affecting them. They have an individual right to express their opinion, and children as a societal group must be heard. The state must design <a href="https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.GC.C.11.pdf">special strategies</a> to ensure the voices of indigenous children are heard.</li> </ul> <p>This report shares consistent and heart-breaking whānau experiences, supported by data and historical analysis, showing there are deep systemic issues facing the statutory care and protection system. Read the full report: <a href="https://t.co/jwPmgYHBYU">https://www.occ.org.nz/publications/reports/te-kuku-o-te-manawa/ …</a></p> <p><strong>The forcible removal of children is covered by the UN</strong></p> <p>Alongside the children’s rights convention lies the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf">United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007</a>, which Aotearoa-New Zealand endorsed in 2010. This specifically recognises the rights of indigenous families and communities to retain <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf">shared responsibility</a> for the upbringing and well-being of their children. The exercise of that responsibility is to be consistent with the rights of the child.</p> <p>The declaration also prohibits the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf">forcible removal</a> of children from one group to another. While this has tended to relate to historic state policies to remove indigenous children from their communities, it clearly resonates with recent events.</p> <p>The declaration also states that the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf">economic and social conditions of children</a> must be improved. Notably, states must protect children from all forms of <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf">violence and discrimination</a>. These considerations overlap with the declaration’s wider objectives, such as the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf">right to self-determination</a>, the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf">right to self-government</a> and the importance of <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf">free, prior and informed consent</a> on matters that affect indigenous people.</p> <p>At the heart of these documents is a simple message: children have rights. The best interests of the child must inform any decision that affects those rights. And the decision must be made in an impartial and transparent manner.</p> <p>Future reports will inevitably catalogue further violations of children’s rights. Identifying these violations is one thing; strategies to ensure they do not happen again are another. The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples must play a central role.</p> <p><em>Written by Claire Breen. Republished with permission of <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-state-removal-of-maori-children-from-their-families-is-a-wound-that-wont-heal-but-there-is-a-way-forward-140243">The Conversation</a>. </em></p> <p><em> </em></p>

Caring

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​Never before seen images of William Tyrrell show heartbreaking final moments

<p>Never-before-seen footage has been released of missing boy, William Tyrrell, which shows him in a happy moment with his family the night before he disappeared from his grandmother’s house. </p> <p>The NSW deputy state coroner Harriet Grahame has released CCTV stills of William and his family grabbing a bite to eat from a McDonald’s on September, 11 2014 - just a day before he vanished.</p> <p>At the time, William, his sister and foster parents were travelling up from Sydney to stay at William's foster grandmother's home in Kendall, on the state's north coast. </p> <p>The security footage shows the family pop into Heatherbrae McDonalds which is a well known rest stop for travellers near Newcastle. </p> <p>They stopped at around 6:26 PM. </p> <p>The family leave about 6.40 pm and detectives have noted a vehicle “appears to be parked in the vicinity of the top middle of the CCTV frame”.</p> <p>The footage however is seemingly unremarkable with the family ordering food and sitting down to eat while William’s foster dad collected napkins and straws. </p> <p>The police noted the clan left “with both William Tyrrell and the female foster carer stopping to place something in the bin.”</p> <p>“William then runs off to catch up to the male foster carer”.</p> <p>The foster mother of William told an inquest he was playing “tiger” in his grandma’s yard when he went quiet. </p> <p>He has never been seen since and police suspect the child was abducted by a stranger. </p> <p>No arrests have been made. </p> <p>The new footage released in response to a media application and there were pictures also released which belonged to one of the first officers involved in the case. </p> <p>Senior constable Wendy Hudson revealed the details of the initial search for William and his family’s reaction. </p> <p>Ms Hudson said she took the family to a nearby beach, in plain clothes, which people looked for William on September 16. </p> <p>“We travelled a distance up the beach before stopping. We searched for shells with (William's sister),” Ms Hudson said. </p> <p>“(The) male foster carer became upset and stood down near the water. I played in the sand with (William's sister) and we built a sand castle.</p> <p>“Female foster carer joined us after spending some time with male foster carer, male foster carer then joined us placing a large stick into our sand castle.”</p> <p>The Tyrrell inquest reopens for public hearings in March next year.  </p> <p>Scroll through the gallery to see the CCTV footage released of William Tyrrell just a day before he went missing. </p>

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A love beyond words: What I learnt fostering a boy with disabilities

<p><em><strong>W.G. (name protected), 67, was born and raised in Queensland. A recently retired high school French teacher, she enjoys travelling, reading, writing, gardening and keeping fit. She is married with three adult children and is a guardian to a disabled foster son.</strong></em></p> <p>"You will have to go! You are driving me crazy! I can't do this anymore!"</p> <p>"If you do this one more time, you can pack your bags, walk out the front door, and never come back!" </p> <p>I could hear my shrill tones, I was screeching like a mad woman! Irrational, yes! Impossible, even more so!</p> <p>"Mum, you can't mean it! You wouldn't send one of us away, would you?!"</p> <p>How to respond? Trapped! Guilty of being the wickedest mother ever!</p> <p>Jonathan* had been with us for three months, a nine-year-old boy, the much-wanted brother for our third child, our only son, seven years old. </p> <p>"Why have I not got anyone to share a room with? You and Dad share a room, the girls share a room, but I have no-one!" A child's perspective on justice!</p> <p>And so began our remarkable journey in fostering a severely disabled boy, a child who could move only one arm a little, who had severe intellectual impairment, was technically blind, who had no verbal language, and numerous other medical issues. But far worse, one who did not sleep, who laughed like a maniac throughout the night. A child who waited till I had just fallen asleep before starting up again. I was going crazy from sleep deprivation!</p> <p>I knew his behaviour must stem from frustration. So I made two resolutions. This child would learn to sleep at night, and not nap through the day. And we would develop a form of communication.</p> <p>So throughout every day we would nudge him awake every time he nodded off. And I realised it is very hard to laugh loud and long at night if you are lying on your tummy! So we moved him into the lounge for night sleeping, and I began my training. I would place him on his tummy to go to sleep, and then later turn him onto his side, which was more comfortable for him. Eight times a night, every night.</p> <p>Gradually it went to seven, then six… and finally I only needed to say, "If you do this again I will turn you onto your tummy!" It worked. As he slept better at night he was more alert and responsive to his daytime environment and experiences … and he was therefore more tired at night and ready to sleep. A year later he was an excellent sleeper. Every night I would get up twice to turn him, without him waking. </p> <p>I learned that one does not die from exhaustion.</p> <p>The second resolution was also progressing. I knew he did not like oranges. So each afternoon, I would help him to hold and feel an orange. I would peel it, help him to smell it, place a small portion on his tongue for a second, then gently hold his head and help him to shake it, saying "No, Mummy".</p> <p>Only six weeks, and I could ask him the question and be answered by a slow gentle shake of the head for a 'No' response. This was developed for other questions. Saying yes was harder, but his beautiful smile was sufficient for a yes. We could then ask questions about food, activities, and people and places. </p> <p>I learned that 'Twenty Questions' is wonderful for essential communication. </p> <p>With limited use of his left hand he learned to reach and touch his bowl if he wanted more of his favourite foods. That hand became quite quick, sometimes even anticipating the question!</p> <p>I was no longer the crazy mother, but one who sought to bring out the best in this dear child, so he could participate in a life as happy and varied as possible. His new supportive wheelchair improved his posture and comfort. He loved speed, so my son would race him around the house in his wheelchair. Outings gave him much joy, so we took him on long drives, and walks in his wheelchair, so he could enjoy nature and its sounds and scents. He attended a Christmas party at Government House. A flight in a jumbo jet was organised. </p> <p>He appreciated music of all kinds and had an incredible memory for pieces he knew. Our other three learned piano and he loved to sit with them while they practised, uttering a soft groan if they played a wrong note, crying if he did not like the piece, jigging with pleasure if he did. He entered into the heart and soul of classical composers. If the piece used minor keys or expressed sadness, a tear would roll down his cheek. He would listen to all with rapt attention, a beautiful sight to watch him experiencing every emotion the composer had expressed. </p> <p>We took him to the roller skating rink, and our children would gain confidence on their skates by pushing him in his wheelchair, as their stabiliser. Soon other children also wanted a turn pushing Jonathan. It was lovely for him to be needed and respected for his role as 'support person'. The manager asked Jonathan if he would like a turn in the big rink. So out they went, Jon in his wheelchair, being raced around the rink by a speed skater. Hair blowing back, laughing with pleasure, round and round he went, excited beyond measure! His life became richer and fuller for his new experiences. </p> <p>Jonathan's journey was often painful physically, but also emotionally – he knew he was different, and sometimes not respected or valued by others. So we showed others how to treat him as a normal person, with feelings. We grew to love him dearly, as one of the family. </p> <p>I learned that Jonathan was the teacher: he taught each of us lessons in patience and endurance, lessons about unconditional love, about compassion, inclusion, that each person has value because they are a human being. He taught us the importance of respecting all people and not judging by outward appearances.</p> <p>Jonathan will finish his life without ever speaking a single word. I will never hear him say "I love you too" when I tell him I love him. </p> <p>And I learned, without a doubt, that there is love beyond words.</p> <p><em>*Not his real name </em></p>

Family & Pets

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We’ve fallen in love with our newest foster child

<p><em><strong>Gary and Maxine* felt like they had too much spare time on their hands once they entered retirement. Searching for a purpose, they found it when they fell in love with fostering children.</strong></em></p> <p>Most times I have plenty to say, and very rarely am lost for words, but in recent days, that has changed. So what has happened for this to occur? An adorable, silky blonde-haired little two-year-old girl has entered our lives, and already enriched it beyond belief. She may be only two, but within two days has completely taken over our hearts, our lounge room chairs and our house, and we love it.</p> <p>Our large living/dining room floor area may be completely covered with toys during the day time, but somehow that doesn’t seem to matter.</p> <p>We may not understand everything she says, although we are learning every day, but that doesn’t seem to be important. The look of happiness and contentment on her cute little face has its own unique and special language.</p> <p>So who is Ali*?</p> <p>My wife and I have been foster parents for the last few years, and really enjoyed the experiences. Previously, the children have ranged in age from four to 10 – each one different in some ways but all wanting the things that we think we are able to provide for them.</p> <p>Ali is the youngest and the most innocent. She came here for a short visit a few days before coming to live with us. Although she obviously didn’t know what was about to happen, it gave us a chance to meet her and find out a little about her.</p> <p>Our initial thoughts were that she was totally adorable and couldn’t wait for her to live with us. We then prepared our house and her room in particular in eager anticipation of her arrival.</p> <p>Ali eats anything we give her, helps to pick up her toys before going to bed, sleeps undisturbed for 12 hours at night with a further two hours after lunch, “helps” to wash the dishes, loves having a bath, loves her cuddles, loves having stories read to her, loves to draw… what is there NOT to love about her?</p> <p>Having fostered children previously, everything is every still “new” and we wonder, could we be in what is called the honeymoon period? Possibly, but because she is only two years old there is every possibility that she will not be “damaged” or have “issues” like older children.</p> <p>Even if that is the case, I’m sure it will be nothing major that we cannot rectify. Again, from experience there are sometimes “attachment” problems at the beginning. With Ali that certainly is NOT the case.</p> <p>We have been told that she will be with us for at least 6 months which suits us just fine. We already know that when she does leave us there will be detachment issues, maybe not for Ali but certainly for my wife and me.</p> <p>She is definitely a major part of our family, and our lives will revolve around her. In the days, weeks and months ahead we look forward to slowly introducing her to our wider family and friends. We know they will love her as much as we do.</p> <p>From our point of view, is she going to be a little time waster? Yes. Is she bright and intelligent? Without doubt. Do we look forward to sharing our lives for the next few months with this amazing little girl? Absolutely. Are we biased about her? Probably. My wife tells me she has me wrapped around her little finger, could that be true? Possibly. Lost for words? Definitely.</p> <p><em>*Names have been changed</em></p> <p><em><strong>Do you have a story to share? Share your story with the Over60 community <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/community/contributor/community-contributor/" target="_blank">here</a></span>.</strong></em></p>

Family & Pets

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Fostering children in retirement changed our life

<p><em><strong>Gary and Maxine* felt like they had too much spare time on their hands once they entered retirement. Searching for a purpose, they found it when they fell in love with fostering children.</strong></em></p> <p>As my wife Maxine and I reached our 60s, we began to think about our lives beyond work.</p> <p>Yes, we were still happy to get out of bed at 4.45am for five mornings per week. Leaving home in the dark during the cold and sometimes snowy wintry months was something we accepted and never questioned. Besides, this was what we had done for at least 12 years. If we had appointments later in the day, it was not uncommon for us to arrive home after dark.        </p> <p>We both loved our respective jobs in the city, an hour’s drive from home, traffic congestion permitting.</p> <p>On a fine sunny winters afternoon, and we were able to come straight home after work, there was nothing better on the drive home, as we headed toward the mountains, to see the snow down to low levels, glistening in the late afternoon sunlight.</p> <p>Each day we looked forward to the peace and quiet which greeted us as we arrived home to our lifestyle farm. It was our little place of paradise and a chance to unwind after the daily stresses of work.</p> <p>Sometimes, as we were leaving work, I would say to my wife, “I’ll cook tea tonight”. She would grin at me, because she knew I don’t cook, so it meant maybe Pizza Hut, fish and chips, or in the warmer weather, maybe Subway.</p> <p>At the end of a long, tiring week this was quite often a good idea, especially if I offered to pay.</p> <p>Our friends from work who lived in the city, and sometimes came out to visit, thought we were “crazy” to travel such a distance into work, and so far away from any kind of shops. Both of us, however, had spent most of our lives living in the country, so living in a town/city has never appealed to either of us.</p> <p>During the longer, warmer days of summer (especially after daylight saving had begun) left us with many hours to spend in our precious garden after we arrived home.</p> <p>We knew our lifestyles would change dramatically once we stopped work. Our biggest concern was trying to live off the superannuation, which we knew was a fraction of the amount we were both earning.</p> <p>However, that was only part of the problem. “RETIREMENT… NOW WHAT?” also represented to us “now what” do we do with our free time? That would come later, when we had more time to think and discuss our options.</p> <p>To “celebrate” our reaching retirement age we decided to reward ourselves with a three-month overseas holiday. For many years, the thought of an escorted tour of Canada/Alaska really appealed. Eventually we happily and excitedly booked our tour. After the tour, we decided to spend the remainder of the time with our daughter, her husband and our two adorable granddaughters, aged two and five years, in America. In a way, we were avoiding answering the question “RETIREMENT… NOW WHAT?” for several months.</p> <p>Once the bookings were made and our trip finalised, I had a brochure of our holiday pinned to a wall in my work room, with the date the tour started. Every day, I would smile and say “That’s another day closer”. I found it really helped me during the last six months or so, because it gave me a reason and purpose for working.</p> <p>A friend had once told me, and I thought it was strange at the time, but for me it turned out to be true that “your body will tell you when you have had enough.” I think “mentally” I was still capable of working, but “physically” I was ready for retirement.</p> <p>Maxine and I both retired from work on the same day. Both of us were given amazing farewell morning teas by our departments. We said goodbyes with a tinge of sadness because after 12 years for me and over 23 years for Maxine, work had played a major part of our lives. It had enabled us to enjoy many overseas holidays, and the lifestyle we chose to live.</p> <p>During that time, we had developed many close (sometimes mutual) friendships, and we sensed that was what we were going to miss most about retirement. We “closed” the door to one chapter of our lives, not sure what the future held for us, but were excited to find out.</p> <p>The organised tour of Canada/Alaska was simply amazing, which left us with numerous unforgettable memories. It was a real trip of a lifetime. After that it was time to spend time with family, and especially enjoy our two adorable granddaughters. Unfortunately, I suffered from ill health but it was still great to enjoy the company of family and visit nearby towns/cities and see some amazing sights and scenery.  </p> <p>All too soon, we had returned home to be faced with the reality “RETIREMENT… NOW WHAT?”</p> <p>From my point of view, I was not unduly concerned with all the “free” time I had, but I was concerned what Maxine would find to do.</p> <p>Yes, we would still travel both within New Zealand and overseas, and to visit family and friends but now on a reduced income, that was more difficult.</p> <p>Yes, we had a large garden. Maxine loved to spend many hours per day in vegetable garden, which was her pride and joy. Any surplus she grew, she loved to give away to family and friends. However, she could not garden all day, every day, (especially during the colder winter months) nor could she read or complete 1000-piece Jigsaw Puzzles, which were her other great loves.</p> <p>We, (Maxine in particular) needed something else to do, but what?</p> <p>Maxine was part of a large family, so was used to having people around her. She and her late husband (he died in 2000) had two amazing children, a son who is single and lives in the North Island, and a married daughter (as mentioned previously) living in America.</p> <p>She had worked hard all her life, and was used to being kept busy. Now her lifestyle had changed dramatically and she found it difficult to adjust with all the spare time she now suddenly had.</p> <p>As with most parents, she always thought and hoped that at least one of her children would marry and live nearby. That way she would be able to spend time looking after the grandchildren, especially while their parents were at work. After all, this was what most of her family and friends her own age were able to enjoy. Being the “doting Mum and Nana” she really missed this loving family environment.</p> <p>Unfortunately for Maxine this was not meant to be so “RETIREMENT… NOW WHAT?” became an unresolved problem, the solution to which did not appear to be obvious.</p> <p>Several organisations in a nearby country town were advertising for various voluntary workers, in the local newspaper. With nothing to lose, we phoned to make an appointment to see if anything appealed to us.</p> <p>Little did we know that decision was about to make a profound and positive difference in our lives.</p> <p>We were seated in the office, and the woman in charge happily and excitedly went through the various options. For us however, there did not appear to be anything which interested us.</p> <p>Suddenly she mentioned fostering, and immediately our world changed.</p> <p>We excitedly asked her more questions. Sometime later, we left on a “real high” and eager to explore this idea, even more.</p> <p>Maxine in particular had always loved children. She and her late husband had an amazing relationship with their own children, and Maxine had also been a Sabbath School teacher for young children at our local church for a number of years. She had a real rapport with all children and they always loved her.</p> <p>I, on the other hand was not used to being around children, but felt that together as a team, this was something we could do, and do successfully. Besides which, we had the room, the time, the patience and most importantly, the love for any children who may be placed in our care.</p> <p>We were both enthusiastic about the idea of fostering, but before the final decision was made to pursue the idea we first discussed it with close family and friends, and ask for their opinions.</p> <p>Without hesitation, knowing my wife and that our marriage would survive any pressures brought about by becoming foster parents, felt it would be something we do successfully. Also, it could be done from the safety and security from our own home.</p> <p>With everyone’s approval we were excited by this new venture and felt the answer to our question “RETIREMENT… NOW WHAT?” had largely been answered.</p> <p>We then made contact with the local authorities about our desire to become foster parents, and within weeks we had attended and completed many hours of training. A short time later, we had two children placed in our care. One stayed with us for four months and the other for six months, before they were moved into longer term family environments.</p> <p>We loved them both, and treated them like they were our own grandchildren. During their stay with us they met most of our family, who love and accepted them as we had. It was sad when they left, but it was also extremely satisfying to see how far they had progressed, knowing we have played a small but vital role in their lives, at a time it was really needed.</p> <p>One of them we still see on a regular basis, which is great for all concerned. This child will always have a special place in our heart, and we like to think the feelings are mutual.</p> <p>Last year, we became foster parents to two more children, both of whom were with us for approximately six months. Although tiring at times, the effort required was worth it.</p> <p>Being foster parents, is without doubt one of THE most rewarding and pleasurable things I have ever done. Yes, they have their various kinds of problems, caused primarily by their largely unfortunate upbringing over which they have had no control.</p> <p>To quote the words from a well-known Beetles song, “All you (they) need is love”. Patience, commitment, boundary setting, time, understanding, trust and letting the child know you will be there for them no matter what, are also all vitally important in making the child feel safe and secure. Largely, it is just common sense and a desire to make a difference.</p> <p>We are hopeful of being advised in the near future to inform us we can again become foster parents.</p> <p>That way, the question of “RETIREMENT… NOW WHAT?” will not need to be thought about or discussed for the foreseeable future.</p> <p><em>*Names have been changed</em></p> <p><strong><em>Do you have a story to share? Share your story with the Over60 community <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/community/contributor/community-contributor/" target="_blank">here</a></span>.</em></strong></p>

Retirement Life

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Why training an assistance puppy is so rewarding

<p><em><strong>Pip Jacobson was born and raised as a dairy farmer’s daughter on the remote King Island, in Bass Strait, and now resides with her husband in Queensland's sunshine. Having had farm and rescue dogs all her life, she fell upon a SmartPup fundraising event and became involved with the non-profit organisation in March 2016.  </strong></em> </p> <p>"Ugh, these better be tossed," I thought as I hoiked up my knickers with the long-handled BBQ tongs, unable to bend with my newly fractured hip screaming blasphemy as I barely lifted my left foot from the floor. "Amazing how ingenious one can become," was my second thought as the tongs did their magic and my dressing progressed. Just three days prior I'd raced through the kitchen yelling at my foster pup to "LEAVE IT! LEAVE IT! " as an aggressive brown snake made its mad mission to corner her in the smallest area of the garden.</p> <p>Christmas 2016 proved to be our quietest one yet. Not that it was planned that way – in fact we were expecting a very special guest called Shine – who was coming with the intention of displaying a few manners to my little foster pup Chilli who was being over-friendly, and needing to learn the etiquette of “meeting other dogs”. Actually, Chilli took on a roll much bigger than was expected of her by caring for my needs instead!!    </p> <p><img width="419" height="559" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/34203/tired-baby_419x559.jpg" alt="Tired Baby" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/>                                                                                        </p> <p>Both Chilli, and Shine are SmartPups – assistance dogs for children. As it turned out Chilli finished her training with an added bonus... learning to keep her feet away from a wheelchair's wheels, and crutches! She graduated with flying colours.</p> <p>Chilli arrived in March 2016 as a wee soft nine-week-old cute Labrador – the kind of canine I'd never owned... not that I would ever own Chilli as a foster. It had taken me 12 months to decide whether I was cut out to help socialise and home-train these special puppies, knowing that there would be a doomsday when she went off to her forever family – her new owner being an autistic child, or one that suffered from diabetes or seizures. Chilli quickly proved her nose 'knows'; such a 'snifter' she focused on getting as much knowledge as she could from her nasal sensory gift, she was destined to become a seizure response assistance dog. I am proud to say that only this week she was placed in her new home as exactly that!</p> <p>My overnight stay in hospital was, at least, enlightening. As I lay in the Observation Ward willing my mind away from left hip howling, a very thoughtful young 'lady' hurling obscenities and abuse in 360 degrees proved to be both scary, and entertaining! Knowing that I couldn't exactly run if I had to, I was relieved to realise that she had six burly security guards around her and her cries of "I don't feel safe! I don't feel safe" resonated very clearly in my ears.</p> <p>"I'm with you, babe!" And I hadn't even sampled ice, I merely had a hip in fragments. This sent an urgent message to my bladder so I hailed a passing nurse (no call bell on my bedframe) and suggested help to get me to the Ladies. "Too busy," she breathlessly panted as she reefed aside my privacy curtain, and flung in a commode chair. Tentatively I eventually managed to board this thing, but failed to realise that the potty had slipped backwards, it too trying to escape tidal waves of shouting. So there I was with a left hip hollering and a right foot reeking of urine with a huge puddle between me and safety. An avalanche of abuse quickly swept me back to my spot, hurty hip ignored and dripping foot dripping while I vainly tried to throw fleeing tissues into the offending pee-pool. Release the next morning didn't come soon enough.</p> <p><img width="381" height="510" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/34205/img_0771_381x510.jpg" alt="IMG_0771 (1)" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/></p> <p>Chilli wasn't home when I arrived back from hospital. She was back at the training centre and I was mortified. Knowing that I only had six weeks left before she was to be placed with her forever family, I pleaded with the trainers, stating that my recovery would be twice as quick if I had this special dog with me. Yes, they agreed and sent her back, along with a wheelchair and the command "WATCH IT". Chilli learned very quickly to keep her toes away from those huge wheels, and not only did she walk sedately beside me, she walked slowly and gently next to me once I mastered the crutches – without ever having been taught. She had her one year birthday two weeks after my fall. She had mastered her seizure detection work plus wheelchair experience!</p> <p>Chilli and I attended the regular Saturday training session in the New Year – me of course, skiting that a dedicated foster parent takes all kinds of spills to accompany the thrills for this SmartPup training! The Foster Families Saturday get togethers had become the highlight of our week – we encouraged our puppies to be calm and not distracted by other dogs, skateboards, balls, prams, motorbikes, runners; anything that may cause an assistant dog tethered to a child to break their focus from their "work".  We'd sit and gossip and the puppies learned to sit and be patient. Then we would have puppy-play time – these amazing dogs earned their play time where we encouraged them to run free and be themselves, playing and sharing toys, bones and water bowls. The joys to see a pack of ten or so dogs tumbling and frolicking after being so well behaved was our laughter-fix for the week.</p> <p><img width="387" height="518" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/34206/1_387x518.jpg" alt="1 (165)" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/></p> <p>My decision to commit to fostering a SmartPup took 12 months, my yo-yo-ing as to whether I could hand back a puppy that I'd seen grow and develop, and of course love to bits. Last Monday I handed her lead to her brilliant trainer – we were at the airport, and my time with Chilli was on its tail end. My tears were pushed to the depths as I knew Chilli would pick up on my feelings. Her trainer took one last loo-stop before boarding and I could see Chilli, sitting next to me, search for her trainers return… I knew then, that this little pocket rocket Labrador had placed her trust in her trainer and I was content knowing that Chilli would board that flight feeling safe and secure. My time with my beautiful puppy/toddler/newly graduated Assistance Dog was done.</p> <p>There is a beautiful child suffering seizures who now has Chilli's dedication. How wonderful is that?</p> <p>P.S I received news recently that Chilli alerted her new family to an oncoming seizure that their young boy was about to have – so they took immediate action. She was placed only two weeks ago. My heart is humbled by this amazing dog. I just had to share that!</p> <p><em><strong>For more information about SmartPups Autism Assistance Dogs, please visit their <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.smartpups.org.au/" target="_blank">website</a>.</span></strong></em></p>

Family & Pets

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Photos show the pure joy of adoption after foster care

<p>Children living in foster care can feel like their future is less than clear. But that uncertainty disappears the day they are adopted by their "forever family".</p> <p>A series of heartwarming images shared by US foster care group Together We Rise show the joy of adoption.</p> <p>The pictures, which feature on the organisation's Instagram page, show children of all ages holding signs recording the number of days they spent in foster care until they found their forever family.</p> <p>"With so much negative news surrounding foster care we just want highlight the positive with amazing adoptions that are happening every day," TWR executive director Gianna Dahlia told <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/heartwarming-photos-of-kids-adopted-from-foster-care_us_571e965fe4b0b49df6a8c269" target="_blank">The Huffington Post.</a></strong></span></p> <p>"There are many negative stereotypes surrounding kids in foster care, but they are just children who want loving families and there are families out there fighting for them," she added.</p> <p>"We just want to inspire those families either going through the process or considering the adoption process that it can be done and it is worth it."</p> <p>One image shows a family of five children who were all adopted together after almost two years in foster care. Another shows a little girl who has been in foster care for most of her short life.</p> <p>Yet another shows a boy in his late teens, with the caption "You're never too old to be adopted." </p> <p>TWR is a volunteer organisation which aims to better the lives of children in the US foster care system by funding resources such as school supplies, bicycles and educational programs.</p> <p>It also educates volunteers and foster families about the adoption process.</p> <p>Scroll through the gallery above to see the heartwarming photos and see more images on the <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://www.instagram.com/togetherwerise/" target="_blank">Together We Rise Instagram account</a></strong></span>. </p> <p>Aren’t these photos beautiful?  Have you experienced the joy of adoption? Share your experience with us in the comments below.</p> <p><em>First appeared on <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stuff.co.nz.</span></strong></a></em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/family-pets/2016/05/how-to-say-no-to-babysitting-grandkids/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>How to say no when you’re unable to babysit grandkids</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/family-pets/2016/04/important-things-to-let-little-children-do/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>7 important things little children should be allowed to do</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/family-pets/2016/04/what-i-hate-about-being-a-grandparent-today/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Grandparenting in the 21st century</strong></em></span></a></p>

Family & Pets